Diminution of real power loss by novel gentoo penguin algorithm

Received Nov 16, 2019 Revised Jan 12, 2020 Accepted Feb 11, 2020 In this paper Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) is proposed to solve optimal reactive power problem. Gentoo Penguins preliminary population possesses heat radiation and magnetizes each other by absorption coefficient. Gentoo Penguins will move towards further penguins which possesses low cost (elevated heat concentration) of absorption. Cost is defined by the heat concentration, distance. Gentoo Penguins penguin attraction value is calculated by the amount of heat prevailed between two Gentoo penguins. Gentoo Penguins heat radiation is measured as linear. Less heat is received in longer distance, in little distance, huge heat is received. Gentoo Penguin Algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss considerably.


INTRODUCTION
The main objective of optimal reactive power problem is to minimize the real power loss and bus voltage deviation. To till date various methodologies has been applied to solve the Optimal Reactive Power problem. The key aspect of solving Reactive Power problem is to reduce the real power loss. Previously many types of mathematical methodologies [1][2][3][4][5][6] have been utilized to solve the reactive power problem, but they lack in handling the constraints to reach global optimization solution. In the next level various types of evolutionary algorithms [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] has been applied to solve the reactive power problem. This paper proposes Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) to solve optimal reactive power problem. Gentoo Penguins will move towards further penguins which possesses low cost (elevated heat concentration) of absorption [16]. Gentoo Penguins preliminary population possesses heat radiation and magnetizes each other by absorption coefficient Cost is defined by the heat concentration, distance. Gentoo Penguins preliminary population possesses heat radiation and magnetizes each other by absorption coefficient Attraction is completed, a newfangled solution is estimated for that heat concentration is modernized. Solutions are arranged sequentially and most excellent is chosen. For heat radiation, movement, heat absorption damping ratio is applied. Gentoo penguin spiral movements throughout the absorption procedure are not droning and have a divergence with consistent distribution. Proposed Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss effectively.

PROBLEM FORMULATION
Real Power loss reduction is mathematically written by: with respect to voltage deviation, constraint (Equality) constraints (Inequality)

GENTOO PENGUIN ALGORITHM
In this proposed approach nature deeds of Gentoo penguin are imitated to model the Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA). Gentoo penguin's position and cost are computed. Gentoo Penguins will move towards further penguins which possesses low cost (elevated heat concentration) of absorption. Cost is defined by the heat concentration, distance. Attraction is completed, a new-fangled solution is estimated for that heat concentration is modernized. Solutions are arranged sequentially and most excellent is chosen. For heat radiation, movement, heat absorption damping ratio is applied. Rules are framed as follows: − Gentoo Penguins preliminary population possesses heat radiation and magnetizes each other by absorption coefficient. − Gentoo Penguins body surface area is considered equally. − Gentoo Penguins absorb complete heat radiation − Gentoo Penguins heat radiation is measured as linear. − Gentoo Penguins penguin attraction value is calculated by the amount of heat prevailed between two Gentoo penguins. Less heat is received in longer distance, in little distance, huge heat is received. − Gentoo penguin spiral movements throughout the absorption procedure are not droning and have a divergence with consistent distribution. The surface area of the body of gentoo penguin is determined by, Head area of Gentoo penguin is calculated by, depending on the environment its has been assumed that gentoo penguin is in thermal equilibrium, from each body of gentoo penguin heat radiation emitted in that particular surface area is calculated by, receiving the heat photons in the surface area is calculated by, = the intensity of the heat established at "I" at distance -"r" computed by with the preliminary value when the heat source is linear at distance , attenuation of photon is given by, the attractiveness is defined by, logarithmic spiral movement of gentoo penguin is found by, distance between two Gentoo penguins " "and " " is computed to calculate the spiral movement by, then the distance is calculated by,

SIMULATION STUDY
Proposed Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) has been tested, in IEEE 57 Bus system [17]. Table 1 shows the constraints of control variables, Table 2 shows the limits of reactive power generators and comparison results are presented in Table 3. Figure 1 shows the comparison of Real Power Loss and Figure 2 Indicate about the Real power loss reduction in percentage.

CONCLUSION
Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) successfully solved the optimal reactive power problem. Gentoo Penguins penguin attraction value is calculated by the amount of heat prevailed between two Gentoo penguins. Less heat is received in longer distance, in little distance, huge heat is received. Depending on the environment its has been assumed that gentoo penguin is in thermal equilibrium. Proposed Gentoo Penguin Algorithm (GPA) has been tested in standard IEEE 57 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss efficiently. And reduction of real power loss value is 26.76 % when compared to the base value.