Electronic doorbell system using keypad and GSM

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
A device that is normally positioned near to a building's entrance door that usually indicates the presence of a person when rung is called doorbell, this is a traditional method of alerting the house/building occupant that a visitor or someone is at the entrance. Doorbells were earlier known as a set of clangs [1] usually in mechanical form activated via the pushing/pulling of a cord, in [2] modern doorbells are generally electrical switches. Typically, the phrase is used to refer to a home appliance used at the entrance but there are several applications of the principle of a doorbell system that can be found in many sections of a house or an office. According to [3], in the last several years, doorbells have become an imperative gadget and have been designed to be used for practical visitor-announcement needs, as well as security and safety. As different designers and doorbell manufacturers try to "win" market share, they are constantly adding new features and improving the performance of their different models of doorbells. This has enabled other companies to develop new tools and services which utilize a typical doorbell. Today, security is provided Nowadays security has become the main concern, there is the need for the use of the latest technology in the security monitoring system and a lot of modifications will continue to take place to meet up with the smart home technology requirements of a door lock security system [15]. The existing smart doorbells have been proposed using various methodologies and techniques, like the use of internet-connected based door lock system via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth device, password-based, biometric-based, and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) based, smart card, Radio Frequency Identification Card (RFID) based, and cloud system for better operation. Various identification and access control security systems were surveyed [16], it shows that various methods of door lock security systems were proposed and more researches were on the way on automatic door lock security system. Near field communication (NFC) was integrated with a smartphone to realized a secure door lock control system [17], it uses a dedicated means of the logical link control protocol (LLCP) exchange along with a timestamp to equal the user's password set of data to verify for access permission or otherwise. Bluetooth based door lock secure system with a low power was proposed [18], the system was also aimed at supporting people with disabilities.
The issues of securing confidential information over the network via the IoT based door security system was proposed using a cryptographically shielded and password-based door lock system [19], a smartphone android app along with cryptographic algorithms and communications gadgets for access denial or granting for authorized persons. Bolt cloud-based device along with Atmega and ESP8266 unit was used for cost-effective and easy install door lock security system [20], the system uses a smartphone with an android app for contact user and the lock system. The use of RFID as an identity card reader, Atmega 16 microcontroller and a keypad is also another form of door lock security system [21] if the identity card reader is true, Atmega permits the entering of a password on the keypad to unlock the door but if a wrong password is entered, the lock stays on. The electronic door lock system for home automation provides dual security by employing a smart card that is easy to use and a keypad lock for added security. The password-based system is another form of security, password system can also be breached or vulnerable to either physical attack or hard to remember password. A 2FYSH based system was proposed [22], which uses two tokens-based verification procedure meant for the replacement of password authentication, the system uses NFC card and mobile phone as the tokens for verification. Another form of securing a system is the One Time Password (OTP) method, it is a potential method for securing a system for possible penetration or unauthorized usage of resources which is valid for one-time authentication [23]. Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) is a security system that probably addresses the issues on passwords, MFA requires three authentication procedures from self-regulating categories authorizations to verify users' IDs: security token (something you have), password (something you know) and biometric authentication (something you are) [24]. Python script algorithm would also be another alternative for implementing an effective security system in detecting human motion [25]. The advantages of this proposed system is the ability to notify owners at any particular point in time when an unauthorized attempt was made to access the system, and it also displays messages in case the owners absent at home to avoid unnecessary time wastage by the quest or visitor.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY 3.1. System overview
The proposed system is a smart electronic doorbell system with a keypad security lock and GSM alert. It will serve as a means for providing security to our homes, offices, etc. The work also proposes to examine factors that have a positive impact on securing homes and prune the inconveniences the geriatric locking methods present, this work consists of a microcontroller that will be used to activate a buzzer and send notifications via text messages to the house owner mobile. This door lock system is the keypad lock that allows users to enter a code on a keypad to unlock the lock instead of using a key as shown in a basic design block in Figure 1. It also employs both smart and wireless approaches to doorbell systems to be able to provide an improved system with better security features.

System block design
There are many methods of designing an electronic doorbell system but all these methodologies require human assistance, in this work GSM alert and keypad security device were added in other to unlock the door and alert the user without human intervention. The system will be designed to carefully send signals to the user in real-time. The overall design was broken into function block diagrams where each block in the diagram represent a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function, several steps taken in developing this work are stated thus: − Understanding the problem and gathering information. − Choosing the appropriate method with a minimum cost that will be used in solving the problem based on the information gathered.

Flowchart
The proposed flow chart diagram of the system is shown in Figure 3. Section 1; The Guest will push the push button to pronounce his presence, the owner will be notified via the buzzer inside the house, if there is a response, the door will be open for the guest otherwise a message will be displayed on the LCD for the guest to know the status of the owner (at home or not) after the owner received an SMS alert that he has a visitor at home. Section 2; for the authorized person who has a valid password, the user will input password, is password correct? The system will check for the password authenticity if valid the door will open otherwise the door remains close, after three unsuccessful trials, the system will send a burglary attempt message to the owner.

DISCUSSION
The design and implementation of an electronic doorbell system with a keypad security lock and GSM alert are primarily used for signalling (doorbell) and security (door lock) purposes. This doorbell system also ensures that the house owner get notifications in the form of text messages (SMS) from the system after certain conditions are met.

Working principles
This work consists of some numbers of modules as shown in the block diagram in Figure 2 and Figure 4 as the circuit diagram, the operation of each of these modules is described below; − Power supply to provide power for the different components of the work at all times. − A push-button to be used by a visitor. − An LCD to display greetings and other information for the visitor. − A keypad outside the door to unlock the house using a password. − A buzzer to alert the house owner of the presence of a visitor at the door. − A button to unlock the door from inside the house. − A GSM module to send a message to the house owner if wrong attempts are made to unlock the house using the keypad.  Figure 4. The system circuit diagram The push-button is designed to be placed outside the door so visitors can come and use to ring a bell inside the house as well as an LCD to display messages for visitors. When the doorbell button is pushed, a bell is activated inside the house and the LCD 'Bell Ringing', if the owner should respond by opening the door, the LCD 'Welcome' and the door is opened; however, after three attempts of ringing the bell without getting a response from inside the house, the system sends an SMS to the house owner to alert him/her of a possible guest at the door and the LCD 'Owner not at home'. The keypad is designed to unlock the house door from outside the door, it is placed closed to the door so that the house owner can input the correct password and open the house door. However, if multiple wrong attempts were made to unlock the door using the keypad, the system sends an SMS to the house owner to alert him/her of a possible burglary attempt.

Casing
The casing refers to the external housing of the project. The casing used for this work is fabricated using plastic sheets for making the outer housing for the project. The casing for the work can be illustrated by the work photography illustrated in Figure 5. The display unit of LCD, the keypad unit for inputting the registered password, push-button for the buzzer alert, and entrance door were shown in the figure.

GSM module test
A simple code was used to test that the GSM module could send SMS to the owner's mobile phone. The code is shown in Figure 6.  Figure 6. GSM messages testing codes To complete the test, these steps were followed: − A Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card was inserted into the modem. − After uploading the system was powered off and transmitter and receiver lines were connected. − Both Atmega and GSM Modem were turned ON − After a few seconds, the network LED blinking slows down. This implies that the modem is registered on the network. − After 15 Seconds an SMS was received. NOTE: If it takes too long to register on the network the 10 Second delay is increased to a larger value.

Access granted process
This section is executed after a successful password login, the "Access Granted" means allow access to the user after password successful verification, and the buzzer will notify the house owner that someone is accessing the door system. The "WELCOME" is a message that will be displayed on the screen to the visitor, and "false" means access is denied if a wrong password is provided. The Atmega codes for the door entrance are shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows the system process of access granted, after a successful password authentication the system will grant access to the entrance door and will also display "Access Granted" on the LCD as shown in the figure. But, if a wrong password was entered three times, the system will not only be denied access to the entrance but also send messages to the owner's mobile phone indicating that an attempt was made to access the door entrance.

. CONCLUSION
The Doorbell system is widely in use today, more are been produced daily with different modifications thus there is a high demand for the doorbells with the best features. This work incorporates a doorbell, a lock system, and a display system to carry out the functions discussed before now. However, there are some limitations to this implementation as it lacks the necessary security features to verify the identity of the visitor before letting him/her into the house.