Performance Improvement of DC Microgrids via ANFIS-Optimized AI-Tuned FOPID Controllers

Debani Prasad Mishra, Sarita Samal, Manas Ranjan Sahu, Sonna Murari, Piyuskant Das, Surender Reddy Salkuti

Abstract


This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the dynamic performance of DC microgrids using an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-tuned Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller, further optimized through an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Conventional PID controllers tend to fail when it comes to dealing with microgrid environment-related non-linearities and uncertainties, particularly under changing load and generation situations. To remedy this, the suggested approach combines AI-tuned tuning algorithms for selecting initial parameters, and then ANFIS optimization to fine-tune the FOPID gains adaptively for better control precision. The performance of the hybrid control approach is tested through MATLAB simulations on a generic DC microgrid model that includes distributed energy resources, power electronic converters, and dynamic loads. Comparative evaluation against standard PID and independent FOPID controllers verifies remarkable advantages in terms of voltage regulation, stability, and transient response in various operating conditions. Amongst the achieved outcomes, it highlights the strength of the proposed ANFIS-optimized AI-tuned FOPID controller as a smart and robust strategy for real-time control of DC microgrids.

Keywords


DC Microgrid; Fractional Order PID Controller; Artificial Intelligence Tuning; Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System; Intelligent Control Strategy.

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. A. Ghorashi Khalil Abadi, S. I. Habibi, T. Khalili, and A. Bidram, "A Model Predictive Control Strategy for Performance Improvement of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 25400–25421, 2022. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3155668.

C. Pradhan, M. K. Senapati, S. G. Malla, P. K. Nayak, and T. Gjengedal, "Coordinated Power Management and Control of Standalone PV-Hybrid System With Modified IWO-Based MPPT," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 3585–3596, Sept. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3020275.

F. Chang, X. Cui, M. Wang, and W. Su, "Region of Attraction Estimation for DC Microgrids With Constant Power Loads Using Potential Theory," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 3793–3808, Sept. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3081573.

Y. Han, H. Sun, B. Huang, S. Qin, Q. Mu, and Y. Yu, "Discrete-Time State-Space Construction Method for SSO Analysis of Renewable Power Generation Integrated AC/DC Hybrid System," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2322–2334, May 2022. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3115248.

Z. Liu, J. Zhao, K. Qu, Z. Zeng, and L. Mao, "A Small-Signal Stability Criterion for DC Microgrid Based on Extended-Gershgorin Theorem," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 2047–2057, June 2023. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3233993.

M. K. Senapati, O. Al Zaabi, K. Al Hosani, K. Al Jaafari, C. Pradhan, and U. R. Muduli, "Advancing Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystems With Intelligent Control of DC Microgrid Stability," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 7264–7278, Sept.–Oct. 2024. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2024.3413052.

U. Vuyyuru, S. Maiti, C. Chakraborty, and B. C. Pal, "A Series Voltage Regulator for the Radial DC Microgrid," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 127–136, Jan. 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2824300.

M. Nabatirad, R. Razzaghi, and B. Bahrani, "Decentralized Energy Management and Voltage Regulation in Islanded DC Microgrids," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 5835–5844, Dec. 2022. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2022.3167632.

Z. Xiao, W. Lei, G. Gao, X. Zhang, and L. Hu, "Dual-Terminal Voltage Feedforward Based Direct Power Control Scheme and Stability Analysis of Dual Active Bridge Converter in DC Microgrid Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 4475–4492, Apr. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3209656.

M. R. Mahmud and H. R. Pota, "Nonlinear Controller Design to Enhance Voltage Restoration and Current Sharing Accuracy of Islanded DC Microgrids," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 3215–3225, June 2022. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3067052.

N. Yadav and N. R. Tummuru, "Filter Capacitor Current Dynamics-Based Frequency-Domain Fault Detection Approach for Grid-Connected Low-Voltage DC Microgrid," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 12784–12794, Dec. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3194110.

M. Shafiee-Rad, M. S. Sadabadi, Q. Shafiee, and M. R. Jahed-Motlagh, "Robust Performance Satisfaction of DC Microgrids Using a Decentralized Optimal Voltage Control Strategy," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 464–474, Mar. 2022. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3057819.

J. Lu, H. Jiang, X. Hou, and P. Wang, "Distributed Edge-Based Event-Triggered Control for Voltage Restoration and Current Sharing in DC Microgrids Under DoS Attacks," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 8053–8063, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3214606.

Y. Yu, G.-P. Liu, and W. Hu, "Coordinated Distributed Predictive Control for Voltage Regulation of DC Microgrids with Communication Delays and Data Loss," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1708–1722, May 2023, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2022.3231447.

F. Guo et al., "Partially Decentralized Secondary Current Sharing and Voltage Restoration Controller Design for DC Microgrids with Event-Triggered Sampling," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1777–1789, May 2023, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2022.3231448.

Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Guan, and D. Xu, "Optimized Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Adapted to High Voltage Gain and Wide ZVS Range," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 3486–3499, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3185649.

D.-L. Nguyen and H.-H. Lee, "Accurate Power Sharing and Voltage Restoration in DC Microgrids with Heterogeneous Communication Time Delays," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 11244–11257, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3159073.

S.-H. Kim et al., "Hierarchical Control with Voltage Balancing and Energy Management for Bipolar DC Microgrid," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 9147–9157, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3155670.

M. A. Hassan et al., "Adaptive Passivity-Based Control of a DC–DC Boost Power Converter Supplying Constant Power and Constant Voltage Loads," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 6204–6214, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3085310.

A. Saxena et al., "Rule-Based Adaptive Frequency Regulation with Real Stochastic Model Intermittency in a Restructured Power System," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 2907–2919, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1109/TII.2023.3245678..

Z. Ali et al., "Multiobjective Optimized Smart Charge Controller for Electric Vehicle Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 5602–5615, Sept./Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2022.3187654.

Y. Han et al., "Discrete-Time State-Space Construction Method for SSO Analysis of Renewable Power Generation Integrated AC/DC Hybrid System," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2322–2334, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3115248..

Y. Song et al., "Quantitative Mapping of Modeling Methods for Stability Validation in Microgrids," IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 3, pp. 679–688, 2022, doi: 10.1109/OJPEL.2022.3185648.

Z. Liu et al., "A Small-Signal Stability Criterion for DC Microgrid Based on Extended-Gershgorin Theorem," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 2047–2057, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2023.3233993.

S. A. Ghorashi Khalil Abadi et al., "A Model Predictive Control Strategy for Performance Improvement of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 25400–25421, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3155668.

H. Sahoo et al., "Small-Signal Modeling and Analysis of Converter Interactivity in 48 V DC Grid," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 5622–5632, Sept./Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2023.324567.

B. C., S. C. K., J. Sharma, S. N. S., and J. M. Guerrero, "Effect of Fault Ride Through Capability on Electric Vehicle Charging Station Under Critical Voltage Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2469–2478, Jun. 2022. DOI: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3145864.

M. Huang, L. Ding, W. Li, C.-Y. Chen, and Z. Liu, "Distributed Observer-Based H∞ Fault-Tolerant Control for DC Microgrids With Sensor Fault," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1659–1670, Apr. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3056125.

W. Du et al., "Modeling of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters for Dynamic Simulation of Large-Scale Distribution Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 2035–2045, Aug. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3018647.

Y.-C. Jeung, D.-C. Lee, T. Dragicevic, and F. Blaabjerg, "Design of Passivity-Based Damping Controller for Suppressing Power Oscillations in DC Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 4016–4028, Apr. 2021. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3024716.




DOI: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp797-804

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT)
p-ISSN 2252-8776, e-ISSN 2722-2616
This journal is published by the Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU).

Web Analytics View IJICT Stats