Multi-criteria optimization of emergency unit allocation using COPRAS and SMART: a case study in Palembang

Abstract

Increasing living standards and instant eating patterns have improved people's demands for quality health services. Hospitals as health service facilities are actually real-time networks that expected to be able to provide effective and efficient services. This research uses the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) and simple multi-attribute rating technique (SMART) methods to determine the hospital with the most optimal emergency unit (EU) services in each subdistrict based on predetermined criteria. The research results show that the COPRAS method is produces performance index values ranging from 0.0195 to 0.1317, while the SMART method yields scores between 0.054 and 0.122, both demonstrating consistent ranking outcomes. The three hospitals, with the most optimal EU performance are Dr. Mohammad Hoesin, RSU Pertamina, and RSJ Ernaldi Bahar, with Dr. Mohammad Hoesin achieving the highest utility value (0.1317). The novelty of this study lies in the integration of real-time spatial and operational data from Google Maps and RS Online into a hybrid set covering problem (SCP) framework, combining the strengths of COPRAS and SMART.